Setting-out-tool



Feb. 27, 1962 T. E. MARRIOTT 3,022,579

SETTING-OUT-I'OOL Filed Feb. 14, 1958 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Inventor THOMAS E. MARRIOTT Attorney Feb. 1962 T. E. MARRIOTT 3,022,579

SETTING-OUT-TOOL Filed Feb. 14, 1958 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 6 Fig.3. 2 a 3 lllll.

Inventor THOMAS E. MARRIOTT A Horn e y United States Patent Ofitice 3,922,579 Patented Feb. 27, 1962 3,022,579 SETI'lNG-OUT-TGOL Thomas Ernest Marriott, deceased, late of Christchurch,

New Zealand, by Catherine Marriott and May E. Marriott, executrixes, assignors to Ernest Wiliiam Thomas Marriott, Christchurch Builder, New Zealand Filed Feb. 14, 1958, Ser. No. 715,309 Claims priority, application New Zealand Mar. 8, 1957 2 Claims. (Cl. 33-98) The invention relates to setting-out tools, and has particular, although not exclusive, reference to setting-out tools used in setting out roof framing.

The primary object of th invent-ion is the provision of a setting-out tool in the nature of a sliding bevel whereby the angles of required bevels of timbers, and in particular of roof timbers, and also the lengths of rafters, can be rapidly and easily determined from known data, and whereby angles so determined can be marked out on the timbers.

A further object of the invention is the provision of a setting-out tool for the purpose mentioned which is readily adaptable for use as a try-square.

A still further object of the invention is the provision of a setting-out tool for the purpose mentioned which is of relatively compact form and can be conveniently carried and used by a carpenter while the carpenter is working on a job, for example on the construction'of a roof.

Other and subsidiary objects of the invention will be apparent from the ensuing description.

The tool of the invention consists essentially of a pair of blades mathematically graduated in accordance with predetermined data and pivotally attached to opposite ends of a stock, at least one of the blades being also slidable in relation to the stock, and both blades being adjustable in relation to each other and to the stock in accordance with particular data indicated by the graduations and in such a manner as to provide desired information based on such data and, in the case of angles so determined, to enable the angles to be marked out on a surface.

In addition to the graduations on the blades, the stock may he graduated to assist in the determination of certain angles or other information in conjunction with particular settings of one or both of the blades.

One or both of the blades may also he graduated in a manner enabling requiring lengths to be determined in conjunction with certain angles which are determinable by the tool, or one of the blades may be replaceable by a separate blade so graduated. The lengths determinable in this manner may, for example, be the lengths of rafters at certain roof pitches, at which the angles of the corresponding bevels of the timbers are determinable by means of the tool.

In order that the invention 'may be carried into practical effect, one form of the testing tool of the invention and several methods of its use will now be described by way of exemplification of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIGURE 1 is an elevation of the tool with its blades in one setting;

FIGURE 2 is a reverse elevation of the tool with its blades in the setting of FIGURE 1;

FIGURE 3 is a sectional elevation on the line III-III of FIGURE 1;

FIGURES 4 and 5 are respectively an elevation and a reverse elevation of one of the blades of the tool;

FIGURES 6 and 7 are elevations of the bevel in conjunction with a rafter, showing two other settings of the blades of the tool, and FIGURES Sand 9 are respectively an elevation and a reverse elevation of a third blade in 2 substitution for one ofthe blades of the tool shown in FIGURES l and 2, FIGURES 8 and 9 being on a larger scale than that of FIGURES l to 7.

The tool shown in FIGURES l to 7 of the drawings has a stock 1 made up of two equal portions 1a and 3.5 (see FIGURE 3) between which and at opposite ends of the stock are pivotally and slidably fitted pair of blades comprising a longer blade 2 and a shorter blade 3.

The blade .2 is formed with a slot 4 closed at each end and extending along a part of the longitudinal centre line of the blade from near one end of the blade. The slot 4 is narrowed in width along a portion of its length to form a neck 4a situated near one end of the slot, the distance between that end of the slot and the adjacent end of the neck 4a being less than the width "of the slot 4. The ends of the slot 4 are rounded on a diameter equal 'to the full width of the slot.

A stud 5 having a full diameter also equal to the 'full width of the slot 4 is fixed in the portion 1a of the stock 1 on the longitudinal centre line of the portion 1a and near one end thereof, the stud 5 projecting from one face of the portion 111 at right angles thereto and passing through the slot 4 of the blade 2 and through a correspondingly located 'hole in the portion lb of the stock 1. A clamping nut 6 is screwed on the projecting end of the stud 5, and is tightenable to clamp the portions 1a and 1b together at that end of the stock and to lock the blade 2 in a=desired position.

As is shown in FIGURE 3 of the drawings, the stud 5 is formed at its portion whichipasses through theslot 4 with two parallel plane faces 5a separated by a thickness of the stud which corresponds to the width of the neck ia of the slot 4. Thus it will be apparent that when the stud 5 passes through the end portion of the slot '4 which is adjacent to the neck 4a, the blade 2 is capable only of pivotal movement around the stud 5 until the neck 4a is brought into registration with the faces 5a to allow the blade 2 to he slid longitudinally in relation to the stud 5. The stud 5 is so arranged that the registration mentioned occurs only when the blade 2 is moved to a position in which it :is co-extensive with the stock 1.

The blade 3 is formed with a slot 7 similar to the slot 4 of the blade 2, but positioned to one side of the longitudinal centre line of the blade 3 and or" the same width throughout its length, save for its rounded extremities. The blade 3 is pivotally and slidably secured between the portions 1a and 1b of the stock at the opposite end of the stock to the blade 2 by means of a screw 8 which passes through a hole near that end and on the longitudinal centre line of the portion 117, and through the slot 7 of the blade 3, and is screwed into a correspondingly located threaded hole in the portion 1a of the stock. The blade 3 is thus capable, at all time when the screw 8 is slackened, of both pivotal and sliding movement on the shank of the screw 8. The tightening of the screw 8 clamps the portions 1a and 1b together at that end of the stock, and locks the blade 3 in a desired position.

The blades 2 and 3 are graduated ou both faces with various scales corresponding to pro-determined data relative to the setting out of roof framing, and are adjustable in relation to each other to enable required information to be determined from such data, all in a manner to be described in more detail further on.

The blade 3 is of such a length that it can be turned to lie between the portions 1a and 1b of the stock 1, as shown in FIGURES l and 2 of the drawings, and is of a width greater than that of the stock 1, the slot 7 being so positioned that when the blade 3 is turned to the position just mentioned one longitudinal edge of the blade is in registration with a corresponding longitudinal edge of the stock 1, while the other longitudinal edge portion (3a) of the blade projects beyond and extends parallelly with the other longitudinal edge of the stock, as also inthe blade 3 and enters a correspondingly tapered socket Him the portion 1a of the stock, all as shown in FIGURE 3. The blade 3 is squared at its free end (3b), and the slot 10 is so disposed that when the locking screw 9 is tightened, the tapered portion 9a of the screw bears against the extremity of the slot 10 nearest to the squared end 3b of the blade, and, in the setting of the blades shown in FIGURES l and 2, Wedges the squared end 3b against the adjacent edge of the blade 2, thereby locking the blade 2 at right angles to the blade 3 and stock 1.

With the blades 2 and 3 thus locked at right angles,

the tool can be used as an ordinary try-square, with the advantage over the ordinary kind of try-square that the projecting edge portion 3a of the blade 3 then rests on the edge of a piece of timber which is being tested or marked,

and renders the square self-supporting on the timber. The,

relatively thin edge portion 3a also enables a piece of timber to be tested for squareness more effectively than is the case with the usual kind of try-square in which one side of the right angle is formed by the relatively thick stock of the try-square. The edge portion 3a is graduated in inches and fractions of an inch, and can be used in making'or marking measurements along the edges of the timber on which it rests, either alone or in conjunction with the width of the blade 2, or in conjunction with a suitable length of steel rule (not shown in the drawings) ;which may be clamped between the portions in and 1b of the stock adjacent to andin parallelism with the edge portion 3a of the blade 3. To facilitate the marking of certain measurements, the edge portion 3a is terminated short of the squared end 3b of the blade 3, leaving a space 3c into which the point of a pencil can be inserted. When I the graduated edge portion 3a is used in conjunction with a length of steel rule in the manner mentioned above, a slot may be formed in one edge andenear one end of the length of steel rule to register'with the space 3c when 7 the rule is clamped between the portions of the stock 1.

Where necessary, the projecting edge portion 3a can be dispensed with in the use of the tool as a try-square by turning the blade 2 through 180 degrees'to the reverse of its portion shown in FIGURES l and 2, the blade 2 then 5 forming a right angle with the longitudinal edge of the stock 1 opposite to the edge from which the portion 3a projects.

When the tool is in use as a try-square the effective length of the blade 2 can be reduced by freeing the blade 2 for slidable adjustment in the manner described above, and sliding the slot 4 on the stud 5 to provide the desired length of the blade 2 between one end of the blade. and the stock 1, the blade 2 being then locked in position at right angles to the blade 3 in the manner also previously described.

'In the use of the tool to determine the angles of required bevels of roof timbers, and the lengths of rafters, the clamping nut 6 and screw 8 are slacken'ed sufiiciently *to allow adjustment of the blades 2 and 3, and theblade 3 fmarking 12 at the squared end edge 35 of the blade 3with an appropriate marking of a scale on the blade 2, as indicated in FIGURE 6, or by the coincidence of oneor other of the longitudinal edges of the stock 1 with an appropriate marking on the, blade 3, as indicated in FIG- URE 7.. During such use of the tool, the blade 2 is held against sliding movementby the neck ie of its slot 4,

On Blade 2 Scales A in determining plumb cuts of common rafters of jack rafters for known roof pitches;

Scale B in determining plumb cuts of hip rafters for known roof pitches;

ScaleC in determining side cuts of purlins for known roof pitches; 7

Scale D in determining the backing of hip rafters for known roof pitches;

Scales E, F, and G in determining plumb cuts of common rafters for known roof pitches calculated respectively in rises in twelve, rises in ten, and degrees;

Scale H in the marking out of birds mouths on rafters;

Scales I and II in the computation of lengths respectively of common rafters and hip rafters at roof pitches listed in the adjacent column a.

On Blade On Stock 1 V Scales III and IV in the computation of lengths of jack rafters at spacings of 16 inches and 18 inchesrespectively, at roof pitches listed in the adjacent column b.

Scales V and VI in the computation of lengths of jack rafters at spacings of 40 centimetres and 50 centimetres respectively, at roof pitches listed in the adjacent column c.

The figures given in scales I and II on the blade 2 and in scales III, IV, V and VI on the stock 1 represent the lengths of the rafters concerned in percentages of the run of the roof, and are in effect the lengths of the hypotenuses of'right-angled trianglesof which the base line is .100 units of measurement. V

In the use of scales A to H marked on the'blade 2, the blades 2 and 3 are relatively adjusted and disposed in the general fashion shown in FIGURE 6, which in actual fact illustrates the manner of obtaining the plumb cut of a common rafter at pitch No. 10, by the use of scale A, and also the manner of marking out a birdsmouth by the use of scale H. The horizontal shoulder of the birds-mouth is obtained by turning the tool from the tool unaltered, and bringing the stock 1 against the opposite edge of the rafter shown in the figure, so that the horizontal shoulder can be marked off along the edge 3a of the blade 3. a

In the use. of scales I andK marked on the blade 3,

the blade. 3 is adjusted relatively to the stock 1 in the manner shown in FIGURE-'7, which illustrates the manner of obtaining the side cut of a jack rafter at pitch No. 10, by the use of scale I. By slackening the screw 8 and advancing the blade EL keepin the setting indicated by registration of the appropriate marking of scale I with the adjacent longitudinal edge of the stock 1, the line of the cut can be marked across the full width of the adjacent face of the rafter shown in the figure.

The additional blade (13) shown 2 in its full size in FIGURES 8 and 9 of thedrawings may be substituted for the blade 2 of the tool to provide a blade of greater length than the blade 2, as may be particularly required when the tool is used as a try-square. The blade 13 is marked with mathematical scales referenced L, M, N, and O, by means of which the required lengths ofcommon rafters at the various pitches indicated can bevcalof which the rafter is the hypotenuse, the actual distance in inches which corresponds to the length of the run as indicated on the appropriate scale, with the necessary adjustments that are marked on the blade 13 for certain of the pitches.

For example, in determining the length of a common rafter of a roof having a run of twelve feet at pitch No. 10, the distance between the markings 0 and 12 on scale M is measured in inches and multiplied by three, in accordance with the adjustment indicated on the blade 13 above that scale for pitch No. 10, and this distance is added to twelve feet to give the required length of the common rafter. In this example, the required length of the common rafter will be found to be approximately 14 feet 1% inches.

It will be apparent from what has been said that the lengths of the scales L, M, N and 0 cannot be varied, since these scales bear a fixed relation to a fixed unit of measurement (one inch). The blade 13 and its scales L, M, N and O are shown full size in FIGURES 8 and 9 of the drawings, and while the dimensions of the blade may be varied within appropriate limits, the lengths of the scales cannot in practice be reduced or increased from the lengths shown in FIGURES 8 and 9.

The scales and uses mentioned above are not exhaustive, and other scales can be worked out to suit other possible uses of the tool by the application of the ordinary mathematical principles involved in the construction and use of the tool. However, it will be found that by the use of the tool in its form and with its graduations described above and shown in the drawings, most of the usual problems and calculations met with in the setting out of roof framing can be rapidly solved and made, and the necessary setting-out can be speedily accomplished.

What I do claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States of America is:

1. A setting-out tool comprising, a stock defined by a pair of superimposed portions adapted for connection in spaced relation, a pair of blades comprising a longer and a shorter blade mathematically graduated in accordance with predetermined data, and each of said blades including a slot closed at its ends and extending along a part of the length of each blade, at least one of the slots being formed with a narrow neck at one end thereof, means for clamping one end of each blade to an opposed end of said stock for pivotal and slidable attachment to the stock between the superimposed portions thereof, said means including a pivot bolt defined by a stud having a parallel plane faces dimensioned to be registerable with the neck of the one slot to permit sliding movement of the blade on the stud, the shorter blade being of such a length that it can be turned to lie between and in parallelism with the portions of the stock, the free end of the shorter blade being squared and the free ends of said blades being independently movable for selective adjustment to predetermined settings in relation to one another and to said stock, and locking means being provided for Wedging the said squared end of the shorter blade against the adjacent edge of the longer blade in such a manner as to lock the longer blade at right angles to the shorter blade and to the stock, said locking means consisting of a locking screw which is screwed through a threaded hole in one portion of the stock and has a tapered end portion which enters a second slot formed in the shorter blade and bears against an extremity of the second slot adjacent to the squared end of that blade.

2. A setting-out tool according to claim 1 wherein said one blade is characterized by being of a Width greater than that of said stock so that when the one blade is turned to lie between and in parallelism with the portions of said stock one longitudinal edge of the one blade projects beyond and extends in parallel with a longitudinal edge of said stock.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 278,405 Cumming et al. May 29, 1883 432,367 Brooks July 15, 1890 550,904 Byrne Dec. 3, 1895 787,172 Hasson "Apr. 11, 1905 830,322 Hodge Sept. 4, 1906 1,135,208 Sassaman Apr. 13, 1915 1,313,432 Walker Aug. 19, 1919 1,325,097 Laylor Dec. 16, 1919 1,495,844 Harrison May 27, 197A 1,514,323 Kirchner Nov. 4, 1924 1,640,604 Hauber Aug. 30, 1927 

